Extensible 3D (X3D) is the third-generation successor to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML),
providing full backwards compatibility and adding functionally equivalent XML and compressed-binary file encodings.
Player support for X3D components
provides a feature comparison of major X3D viewers, for each player and each X3D component.
The
HelloWorld.x3d
scene is a simple authoring example that illustrates the minimalist X3D Interchange profile.
Also available: internationalized
Hello World Scenes.
Please install one of the following X3D players
to view X3D/VRML scenes and browse these examples.
InstantReality is a high-performance X3D player and Mixed Reality (MR) system by Fraunhofer IGD
(Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(forum).
Special mention.
X3DOM (pronounced "X-Freedom")
implements a high-performance X3D player in open-source JavaScript.
Authors can publish X3D source within an HTML5 page that works with Web browsers without prior plugin installation
(get involved
and
forum).
FreeWRL/FreeX3D X3D/VRML browser (open-source C).
(Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(contact,
(bug tickets).
Also described on
Wikipedia.
H3D/H3DViewer
is an open-source C++ API and X3D player
(Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(forum).
Includes
haptics support,
Rigid Body Physics component,
plus
3D texturing
and the
Volume Visualization component
for the
Medical Working Group.
Xj3D
is an open-source Java viewer and application codebase for X3D graphics scenes.
Xj3D Evolution
strategy describes how
Web3D working-group stakeholders are implementing further improvements to Xj3D.
NPS source branch for Xj3D viewer
describes current details for the active
Xj3D Sourceforge
project.
Xj3D.org
original distribution includes a
developer page.
GeoVrml Run-Time was originally used for VRML97 GeoVrml examples.
Dynamic-3D
is a pure Java-based 3D Graphics Engine for web browsers.
Open source renderer by Mitch Williams.
Other X3D players, not (yet?) Web3D Consortium members:
BitManagement's
BS Contact
and
BS Contact Geo
X3D/VRML97 plugins for HTML web browsers (Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(support).
Castle Game Engine
is used to build
view3dscene,
a free cross-platform VRML/X3D browser that also supports other 3D model formats
(FreeBSD, Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(forum).
Cobweb X3D Browser
implements a high-performance X3D player in open-source JavaScript.
Authors can publish X3D source within an HTML5 page that works with Web browsers without prior plugin installation.
Cortona3D Viewer
by Parallel Graphics,
VRML plugin for Netscape or Internet Explorer
(support).
GPAC
is an Open Source multimedia framework for presentation technologies (graphics, animation and interactivity)
and packaging formats such as MP4. (Linux, MacOSX, Windows).
Heilan X3D Browser
open-source C++ browser for audio research (Linux, MacOSX, Windows).
libx3d
open-source C++ libraries for X3D.
NuGraf
by Okino provides a
3D rendering, translation, viewing & data optimization system
(Windows + emulators
and plugins for other authoring tools)
(support).
Octaga Player 5.0
(and Octaga-only
plugin test page)
by
Octaga VS
is a high-performance X3D/VRML browser (Windows)
(support).
Downloads of prior Octaga Player 2.1 also available at
c|net.
OpenVRML
is a free cross-platform runtime for VRML and X3D (FreeBSD, Linux, MacOSX)
(support).
Orbisnap
is a free multi-platform standalone VRML97 viewer for visualizing virtual worlds,
and can connect to a
Simulink 3D Animation
server (FreeBSD, MacOSX, Linux, Unix)
(support).
SwirlX3D Free Player by Pine Coast Software (Windows)
(support).
Legacy and unsupported X3D players:
blaxxun Contact
VRML97 plugin for Netscape or Internet Explorer, and
Matlab plugin
(not supported).
CosmoPlayer was created by Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) (not supported)
Karmanaut mirror site: CosmoPlayer 2.1.1
VRML97 plugin for Netscape or Internet Explorer.
CosmoPlayer VRML Plugin Installer
distributed by NIST.
Original link:
CosmoPlayer 2.1.1 VRML97 plugin for Windows/Mac/Irix, running under Netscape or Internet Explorer.
Archive link:
CosmoPlayer 2.1.1 VRML97 plugin for Windows/Mac/Irix, running under Netscape or Internet Explorer.
Karmanaut mirror site: CosmoPlayer 2.1.1
VRML97 plugin for Netscape or Internet Explorer.
Vivaty was the successor to MediaMachines, with eventual acquisitions by Platinum, Computer Associates and Microsoft.
(corporate history)
Flux Player and Flux Studio
X3D/VRML97 viewer plugin and authoring tool for Internet Explorer (Windows)
(not supported).
Also includes download links to Nexternet Pivoron player.
Flux open-source early release for VRML and X3D, removed by project committers (Windows, Internet Explorer and Firefox).
Sourceforge changed their policy after this incident to eliminate such removals from occurring again.
Thanks to another contributor, this
original early-release codebase
is again available.
Vivaty (formerly Flux) Player
X3D/VRML97 plugin for Internet Explorer (Windows)
(not supported).
Pivoron
plugin for Netscape or Internet Explorer
(release plans)
from
Nexternet
which was
acquired by MediaMachines in 2001.
Not supported.
Many authoring tools have emerged since X3D can be used for any purpose without royalty fees.
Tool support for X3D components
provides a feature comparison of major X3D authoring tools, for each player and each X3D component.
X3D-Edit
is the primary authoring tool used at NPS to create the X3D, Sourcebook and Savage example archives. Available free.
Latest version.
X3D-Edit is available for Windows, MacOSX, Linux, Solaris and
Netbeans
users
(support).
Original version.
X3D-Edit 3.1
is still available but no longer supported.
X3D-Edit Authoring Tool for Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics
provides a 7-page summary of X3D-Edit 3.1 features and usage.
AC3D
is a small, simple, easy-to-learn 3D authoring tool that includes support for X3D export
(Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(contact).
Blender
is an open-source 3D authoring tool that includes support for X3D import/export
(FreeBSD Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(download).
Blender
has many import/export capabilities.
Blender Model Export To X3D using X3D-Edit
describes an example design & export session in detail.
BitManagement X3D exporter
Further notes and improvements on Blender export to X3D are provided by
Kambi modifications to Blender X3D exporter
BS Content Studio Tool
for easy and fast creation of 3D scenes and applications,
from
BitManagement
(support)
November 2014:
new update announced.
BS Editor
is the original authoring tool
from
BitManagement.
insight3d
is an open-source, image-based modeling tool for creation of buildings from photographs.
MeshLab
is an open-source, portable, and extensible system for the processing and editing of unstructured 3D triangular meshes.
ParaView
is a parallel visualization application to visualize large data sets.
Rez
provides an open-source framework and tools for translating planetary terrain data and images
to different formats including multi-resolution versions optimized for web browsing.
SwirlX3D Editor
is an X3D/VRML authoring environment from Pinecoast Software (Windows)
(support).
Seamless3d
is open-source 3D modeling software designed for artists
(support).
SubmarineX3D
is a simple X3D Editor from University of Perugia Italy (Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(contact).
Titania X3D Editor
is a free standalone X3D/VRML authoring tool primary developed for Ubuntu/Debian operating system.
VIM (Vi IMproved) Editor does syntax highlighting and folding (collapsing of blocks) for both XML and VRML97. Nothing specific for X3D yet.
Viper
is a VRML97 source-code parser by
NIST.
VrmlPad
is a professional editor for VRML programming.
Visualization Toolkit (VTK)
is an open-source toolkit, written in C++, for large scale 3D data visualization that offers X3D export.
Related:
Mayavi
is a Python interactive scripting interface for VTK that includes X3D export of mesh-based surfaces.
White Dune
is a graphical VRML97/X3D editor, simple NURBS/Superformula 3D modeller, animation tool, and VRML97/X3DV command-line compiler in development.
(FreeBSD, MacOSX, Linux, Unix, Windows).
Wings 3D
is an advanced subdivision modeler that is both powerful and easy to use.
It can be used as a free open-source X3D/VRML authoring environment
(Linux, MacOSX, Windows)
(forum).
Open-Source 3D Component Editor using X3DOM
by Fraunhofer IGD is an
example X3D scene editor
that runs in a web browser.
XMLSpy
by Altova is an
XML development environment for modeling, editing, debugging and transforming XML technologies.
The
X3D-Edit distribution
enables XMLSpy support for X3D editing and validation, using either X3D DTD or schema.
X3D-XmlSpyProject.spp
(online)
is an overview project for X3D specification-development work
ContentCatalog.spp project files are provided with each example archive
X3D Java Scene Access Interface (SAI) Library
provides standard X3D Java interfaces with concrete implementation classes, all as open source.
This application programming interface (API) library is strongly typed to avoid authoring errors, and
is autogenerated from the
X3D XML schema
and
X3D Object Model
to ensure correctness.
Legacy and unsupported X3D authoring tools:
Octaga Exporter
directly exported visual effects created using Autodesk 3DS Max into VRML and X3D.
Vapour Technology: VRML Authoring Tools for computing orientations (Dizzy, Peek, SpinDoctor and Twister)
Vivaty Studio
(formerly
Flux Studio
and
VizX3D)
is a high-quality authoring tool
from
Vivaty.
It is an easy-to-use, inexpensive, general-purpose, visually oriented, 3D modeling and animation application
for X3D
(not supported).
This group also produced
Flux Player and Flux Studio
X3D/VRML97 viewer plugin and authoring tool for Internet Explorer (Windows)
(not supported).
X3D v3.3 Abstract Specification (Architecture and Base Components)
(node index)
authoritatively describes the functionality of all X3D nodes and elements.
The
X3D Current Standards
and
All X3D Recommended Specifications
pages includes all approved documents, downloads, and related links.
X3D XML encoding
describes the .x3d file syntax.
Humanoid animation (H-Anim)
specification version 1.0 describes the full semantics of H-Anim models that are summarized in the
X3D Abstract Specification.
X3D ECMAscript language binding
describes JavaScript syntax for the Script node, referenced by the X3D specifications.
X3D-Edit
also bundles X3D, VRML97 and H-Anim specifications in the Help system.
ECMA-262 ECMAscript Language Specification
defines JavaScript syntax and functionality.
ECMA-404 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format
describes JavaScript syntax for JSON data structures.
You can
search ISO.org
if you prefer to buy a copy of any specification from the
International Standards Organization (ISO).
Incidentally, the VRML Consortium (our direct predecessor) was the first standards-development organization (SDO)
permitted by IS to independently publish Web standards without charge.
X3D Graphics Standards: Specification Relationships
diagram
(.pdf)
and the
X3DSpecifications Honeycomb Diagram
show how this large family of X3D standards fit together.
X3D Node Inventory Comparison
(.pdf)
shows current implementation coverage of the
X3D Abstract Specification,
X3D Schema,
X3D DOCTYPE,
X3D-Edit,
X3DOM,
and
VRML97 node sets
X3D v3.3 Doctype Documentation
and
X3D v3.3 Schema Documentation
(.zip)
for International Standard (IS), produced by Web3D Consortium members and approved by national bodies for ISO standardization
X3D v3.2 Doctype Documentation
and
X3D v3.2 Schema Documentation
(.zip)
X3D v3.1 Doctype Documentation
and
X3D v3.1 Schema Documentation
(.zip)
X3D v3.0 Doctype Documentation
and
X3D v3.0 Schema Documentation
(.zip)
OasisXmlCatalogX3D.xml
provides schema and doctype address resolution for typical offline validation of X3D scenes.
Production notes:
X3D DTD documentation is generated using
Netbeans.
X3D schema documentation is generated using
XML Spy.
The
Humanoid Animation (H-Anim) Specification
has a corresponding specification for the
X3D H-Anim component
and a corresponding
H-Anim Examples Archive.
The
H-Anim Executive Summary
summarizes current capabilities and significant additional work being considered by the
H-Anim Working Group.
ISO/IEC 9973 Register of Graphical Items
includes detailed definitions for hatchstyle values (used by
FillProperties node)
and linetype values (used by
LineProperties node).
X3D Tooltips provide multi-lingual authoring tips, hints and warnings for each node and field in X3D.
Additional authoring support includes the following assets.
Pellucid
is a Java applet that simulates the VRML/X3D illumination model given a default view of a sphere, a default directional light with direction [ -1 -1 -1 ], and a default material.
NIST Plugin and Browser Detector for server-side determination of VRML or X3D browser in use
Tools often need to support offline validation of content that includes authoritative online urls for the XML DOCTYPE and Schema. An
OASIS specification defines how to map authoritative urls to local copies.
OasisXmlCatalogX3D.xml
is one example how an application can accomplish that.
The X3D Working Group is also showing how to best provide
X3D + HTML5
support for the draft
HTML5 Recommendation.
X3D Graphics is the international standard for real-time 3D communication.
X3D for Web Authors
by Don Brutzman and Len Daly, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Elsevier, April 2007, 468 pages.
Free book download in ACM Digital Library
is available for
ACM and SIGGRAPH members.
X3dGraphics.com
provides free
X3D example scenes and
chapter slidesets.
Course video lessons
for learning X3D
(also
YouTube course video archive).
Online course
for enrolled NPS and distance-learning students.
Visualizing Information Using SVG and X3D
by
Vladimir Geroimenko and
Chaomei Chen, editors,
Springer, 2008.
Computer Graphics: From a Small Formula to Cyberworlds
by Alexei Sourin,
3nd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Singapore, 385 pages, 2012.
Chapter 14 discusses X3D and VRML.
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
by Anthony Steed
and Manuel Fradinho Oliveira,
Elsevier, 536 pages, 2009.
Chapter 7 discusses X3D, X3D-Edit and DIS.
Interactive 3D Multimedia Content:
Models for Creation, Management, Search and Presentation,
edited by Wojciech Cellary and
Krzysztof Walczak,
Springer London, 302 pages, 2012.
Contributed chapters discuss X3D capabilities together with other standards,
then describe significant implemented research work regarding 3D/VR/AR systems.
Most works provide extensions based on the VRML/X3D standards.
Online resource:
Chapter 2, Interactive 3D Content Standards.
Core Web3D
by Aaron E. Walsh and
Mika雔 Bourges-S関enier,
Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey USA, 1088 pages, 2000.
Several chapters discuss developmental versions of X3D.
VRML & X3D for virtual reality
by KyungBae Park, KyungIn Kang and SeungWook Kwak, 21 Century, ISBN-10: 8984681903, 422 pages, 2006 (in Korean).
X3D, Who are you? Focus on examples for Web 3D design
by KyungBae Park and SeungWook Kwak, Global, ISBN-13: 9788955024135, 472 pages, 2007 (in Korean).
WebGl HOTSHOT
by Mitch Williams, ISBN-13: 9781783280919, 306 pages, 2014.
Chapter 1
shows how X3D complements WebGL.
VRML design began in 1994 and the language became a stable International Standard in 1997.
Of interest: X3D is a third-generation design that is fully backwards-compatible with the second-generation VRML 97 standard.
Thus all design guidelines and technical details in the following textbooks remains relevant.
VRML 2.0 Sourcebook
by Andrea L. Ames, David R. Nadeau, and John L. Moreland,
John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
(also see
VRML 2.0 Sourcebook examples
in X3D)
Annotated VRML 2.0 Reference Manual
by Rikk Carey and Gavin Bell,
Addison Wesley,
Boston Massachusetts, 1997.
Late Night VRML 2.0 with Java
by Bernie Roehl,
Justin Couch,
Cindy Reed-Ballreich, Tim Rohaly and Geoff Brown, Ziff-Davis Press (Macmillan Publishers), 1997.
VRML 2.0 Handbook
by Jed Hartman and Josie Wernecke,
Addison Wesley,
Boston Massachusetts, 1996.
Also see the Tenochtitlan examples.
VRML: Exploring Virtual Worlds on the Internet,
by Walter Goralski, Matthew Poli, and Peter Vogel, Prentice Hall PTR, January 1997.
Das Einsteigerseminar VRML
by Prof. Dr. Rolf D溥ler, April 2001, BHV Publishing Group, 498 pages, in German. Available
online.
There are three conformance test suites to help improve
the quality of X3D and VRML players.
VRML Test Suite (VTS)
offers numerous open-source scenes along with with
images and movie clips demonstrating correct rendering responses.
Coverage includes the entire
VRML97 Specification.
ConformanceNist Test Suite
X3D Examples
upgrades the VRML Test Suite examples into X3D scenes, again
offering numerous open-source scenes along with with
images and movie clips demonstrating correct rendering responses.
Coverage includes the
X3D Immersive Profile.
(Web3D members only)
The
X3D Conformance Testing Suite Access
page explains the
Web3D Conformance Suite.
This interactive archive offers coverage of the
X3D Interchange Profile.
The Web3D Consortium offers compliance certification of this last suite.
X3D Conformance Testing Program
describes details.
The Web3D Consortium also supports the
Conformance working group mailing list
which includes
list archives.
Numerous conversion tools are available for the various encodings of X3D and VRML.
X3D is a direct superset of VRML with three encodings:
XML encoding (.x3d),
Classic VRML encoding (.x3dv)
and
VRML97 encoding (.wrl).
X3D is designed so that all three encodings are equivalent, you can choose to use any of them.
Converting X3D scenes to/from VRML (.wrl) also works well,
since X3D is 3rd-generation VRML.
The functionality provided by the VRML97 specification matches the X3D Immersive Profile.
X3D players
providing file-menu conversions (Save As) include
BSContact, OctagaVS(pro), view3Dscene, and Xj3D.
Xj3D Open Source for X3D/VRML97 includes
command-line and file-menu X3D translators between
all three encodings.
Xj3D can also import Collada files.
X3D-Edit
exposes all of these Xj3D conversion capabilities via a
conversion panel embedded under the
X3D...Import and ...Export menus.
X3D-Edit can further
import, export
and also
edit, validate
Collada files.
XSLT Stylesheets convert .x3d scenes into alternate formats and encodings.
These slidesets (and corresponding batch files) are bundled in
X3D-Edit.
Conversion to ClassicVRML (.x3dv encoding):
X3dToX3dvClassicVrmlEncoding.xslt,
X3dToVrml97.xslt -fileEncoding=ClassicVRML
and
X3dToX3dvClassicVrmlEncoding.bat
Backwards compatibility with VRML 97 (.wrl encoding):
X3dToVrml97.xslt
and
X3dToVrml97.bat.
Warnings are embedded in the output .wrl and provided on the console when such conversions have
any difficulty due to an X3D feature not being supported in VRML97.
In general, any X3D scene that fits within the Immersive Profile
will convert successfully to VRML97.
Tagset pretty-printing in HTML (.html encoding), includes cross-link indexing of DEF/USE/ROUTE/etc.:
X3dToXhtml.xslt
and
X3dToXhtml.bat
plus incremental partial-stylesheet lesson examples
(X3dToXhtmlStylesheetExamples.zip)
X3D to JSON Stylesheet
converts .x3d XML to .json, supporting the forthcoming JSON Encoding for X3D Graphics.
Current versions of the X3D stylesheets
are checked into version control at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/stylesheets
3D PDF Converter
includes support for X3D export. This capability allows users to easily visualize, validate and then export CAD data
in a suitable format for import into a 3rd Party System.
Accutrans 3D by MicroMouse Productions
provides accurate translation of 3D geometry between the file formats used by many popular modeling programs.
Anark
is able to export product data into high-precision B-rep and lightweight mesh formats including
SolidWorks, Inventor, ACIS, CATIA V4/V5, Parasolid, STEP, NX (formerly Unigraphics), IGES, COLLADA, DWF, X3D, and VRML.
Ayam
is a free open-source 3D modeling environment for the RenderMan interface with
X3D import
and
X3D export.
BaconXJF
open-source 3D Web Formats Import-Export Tool for Maya and Maya LT
includes X3D support.
"It's a work in progress, but a good start..."
Created by
Aaron Bergstron,
original author of the RawKee X3D Exporter for Maya.
Demonstration videos
also available.
BitManagement
capabilities include
BS Converter for 3ds max
and
BS Converter for Blender.
Blender
provides excellent top-level import/export support, as described by
Blender Model Export To X3D using X3D-Edit.
CAD Exchanger
is commercial C++ software to view and convert 3D models that supports
multiple formats
including VRML and X3D.
Chisel VRML Optimisation Tool
with new version
autoinstaller
and
documentation
provided by
Halden Virtual Reality Centre.
Originally built by Trapezium and maintained by
NIST.
Clara.io
can be used to create or import models, animate them and render online.
Support is provided for multiple
import/export data exchange
formats.
Cura3D printing software
supports X3D model import. Cura3D can output to multiple 3D printers and also export
G-code.
InstantReality X3D encoding converter
is an online translator between
ClassicVrml
or
XML (.wrl) encoding,
and can also convert into
X3DOM outputs
(HTML5 or XHTML5).
Free for non-commercial use.
InstantReality installations include aopt, a local command-line converter.
InstantReality also offers a separate
InstantExport plugin
for
3D Studio Max.
MeshLab
is an open source, portable, and extensible system for the processing and editing of unstructured 3D triangular meshes.
Modo
by Luxology
is a sophisticated authoring tool that includes X3D export.
NIST VRML to X3D Translator
was originally written by
Qiming Wang.
An
updated version of the source
(and a
.zip distribution)
are maintained on SourceForge.
The translator is also bundled in X3D-Edit under the X3D/Import/VRML97 menu.
Okino Polytrans/NuGraf
is the premier industry translation tool that can convert
many many different file formats
(including Collada)
to and from X3D, VRML97
and
VRML 1.0.
Their
original 2002 press release
describes the central value of the VRML/X3D scene graph as a detailed, extendable design
used in the Okino converter architecture.
Open Cascade
is an open source (LGPL) geometry kernel written in C++ uses
PythonOCC.
The Web3D CAD public wiki includes a
STEP to X3D Python script.
PDF3D
provides support to convert, edit, store and share 3D data in PDF.
File-format support includes VRML97.
PMOD 3D Imaging Rendering Tool (P3D)
enables interactive investigation of volumetric medical data and imagery as part of modeling tool suite.
Project Rawkee: Open-Source X3D Plugin for Maya
by the
Archaeology Technologies Laboratory (ATL)
of
North Dakota State University (NDSU).
SteelVis
(CIS/2 to VRML and IFC Translator, aka CIS/2 Viewer)
by
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
SPRI Server Step Conversion
allows browsing the content of STEP files, which can contain multiple geometric models.
Further information is found on the
Web3D CAD public wiki.
SwirlX3D Translator
is an enhanced version of the Viewer that permits Collada and 3DS files to be imported into VRML or X3D (Windows)
(support).
Unreal Realm of Concepts: Unreal to X3D Exporter
by Dave Arendash
view3dscene
supports VRML/X3D, Collada, OpenInventor 1.0, 3d Studio Max 3DS, Quake 3 MD3, Wavefront OBJ and Videoscape GEO.
Vivaty
has utilities and converters for Google Earth KML/Sketchup, Autodesk 3DS Max, Autodesk Maya, and Unreal.
Vivaty Studio
also includes Collada import.
VRML 1.0 to VRML97 Converter
by Octaga
XIOT X3D Input Output Tool library
provides an open source generic C++ toolkit to import and export X3D in its different XML encodings: ASCII and binary.
A special development was done to provide a Fast Infoset (FI) based X3D encoding.
The X3D Examples Archives demonstrate how X3D nodes and scenes work.
Thousands of scenes are provided in all X3D encodings.
You can browse them individually online or download
fully complete, separately installable .zip archives.
Special testing distribution.
A comprehensive collection of all JSON example scenes is available at
X3dExampleArchivesJsonScenes.zip
(MD5 checksum)
plus current output from the X3D JSON build process at
build.json.out.
Production notes:
README.txt
summarizes archive contents and lists key links.
Build scripts are written using
Ant with build.xml files in each archive's root.
Please install a player plugin
in your Web browser to view X3D/VRML scenes and browse these examples.
Alternatively you can view X3DOM versions by selecting the .xhtml links.
These examples are maintained by the
Web3D Consortium
and are all protected under an
open source license,
provided free for any use.
The
Sourceforge X3D Project
is the site where master versions of most
X3D examples
are maintained.
Quality Assurance
regression testing provides exhaustively thorough validation checks on all X3D example scenes.
Each example scene is provided using all X3D file encodings.
XML .x3d, ClassicVRML .x3dv, VRML97 .wrl and pretty-print HTML .html form.
Compressed Binary Encoding .x3db
and
X3D Canonicalization (C14N) .xml
formats were added in 2006.
X3DOM .xhtml
formats were added in 2013.
The
viewpoint snapshot slidesets
(with images taken by Xj3D in offline-rendering mode)
were added in 2014.
Zipped example archives start with the directory structure
www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples
in order to match the online addresses for most examples, and also to
allow side-by-side installation of local archives for easier user access.
A wide variety of basic examples are provided for the corresponding textbook that show how to design and build X3D scenes.
Online at
http://x3dGraphics.com/examples/X3dForWebAuthors
Compressed archive (~100 MB) at
X3dExamplesX3dForWebAuthors.zip
(MD5 checksum)
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/x3d/code/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/X3dForWebAuthors X3dForWebAuthors
Source is viewable at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/X3dForWebAuthors,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
x3d-commits
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D Examples for Web Authors Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
X3D for Advanced Modeling is a work in progress for learning advanced Extensible 3D (X3D) Graphics modeling, simulation and visualization techniques.
Online at
http://x3dGraphics.com/examples/X3dForAdvancedModeling
Compressed archive (~60 MB) at
X3dExamplesX3dForAdvancedModeling.zip
(MD5 checksum)
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/x3d/code/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/X3dForAdvancedModeling X3dForAdvancedModeling
Source is viewable at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/X3dForAdvancedModeling,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
x3d-commits
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D Examples for Web Authors Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
The Basic Examples archive provides numerous scenes illustrating a broad variety of X3D capabilities.
Online at
http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Basic
Compressed archive (~350 MB) at
X3dExamplesBasic.zip
(MD5 checksum)
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/x3d/code/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Basic Basic
Source is viewable at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Basic,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
x3d-commits
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D Examples Archive Basic Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
The ConformanceNist Test Suite Examples were authored by
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
to provide complete test set for the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97).
They were automatically converted into X3D and provide approximate coverage for the X3D Immersive Profile.
Online at
http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ConformanceNist
Compressed archive (~185 MB) at
X3dExamplesConformanceNist.zip
(MD5 checksum)
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/x3d/code/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ConformanceNist ConformanceNist
Source is viewable at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/ConformanceNist,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
x3d-commits
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D ConformanceNist Examples Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
Original NIST VRML Test Suite is browsable at
http://xsun.sdct.itl.nist.gov/~mkass/vts/html/vrml.html
The
VRML 2.0 Sourcebook
is an outstanding textbook covering the
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 97.
The
original examples
from that book were the first scenes converted into X3D.
SIGGRAPH 98 course notes
are also online.
Online at
http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Vrml2.0Sourcebook
Compressed archive (~115 MB) at
X3dExamplesVrml2.0Sourcebook.zip
(MD5 checksum)
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://svn.code.sf.net/p/x3d/code/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Vrml2.0Sourcebook Vrml2.0Sourcebook
Source is viewable at
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Vrml2.0Sourcebook,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
x3d-commits
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D Vrml 2.0 Sourcebook Examples Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
NPS Scenario Authoring and Visualization for Advanced Graphical Environments (SAVAGE) library
is an open-source set of models used for defense simulation.
A
Savage paper
describes our overall modeling approach.
The
Savage Modeling Analysis Language (SMAL)
thesis, schema and examples describe the corresponding simulation-entity metadata approach.
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://savage.nps.edu/sub/nps/Savage Savage
Source is viewable at
https://savage.nps.edu/svn/repos/nps/list/Savage,
Model source change notifications are reported via the
savage-svn
mailing list.
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked online.
X3D Savage Examples Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
Savage Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
NPS SavageDefense library
is an open-source set of models used for defense simulation.
Access is restricted to NPS partners working on government-sponsored projects.
Online at
https://savagedefense.nps.navy.mil/SavageDefense
Subversion master source
is retrievable via subversion check out:
svn co https://savagedefense.nps.navy.mil/sub/nps/SavageDefense SavageDefense
Source is viewable at
https://savagedefense.nps.navy.mil/svn/repos/nps/list/SavageDefense
build.out.txt
shows recent build results including X3D scene validation successes, errors and warnings.
Bug reports
are tracked privately.
X3D SavageDefense Examples Project
continuous integration testing is performed by the
SavageDefense Jenkins server,
with
latest console error logs
and
nightly build products
available online.
Source version control
is available for developers wanting to track or
contribute to these X3D example archives.
Use
Netbeans,
X3D-Edit
or some other subversion client
(such as
TortoiseSVN
or
Collabnet)
to check out the version-control source and project information.
Decide whether to use
anonymous access
or else a personal
sourceforge account.
Check out
https://sourceforge.net/p/x3d/code/HEAD/tree/www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/Basic
usually to a local directory such as
C:\x3d-code\www.web3d.org\x3d\content\examples\Basic
Further links and information available via the
x3d sourceforge project.
Additional X3D example scene collections designed to demonstrate VRML/X3D capabilities include the following.
BitManagement Interactive Demos
Castle VRML / X3D demo models
which were produced for the
Kambi/Castle game engine
by Michalis Kamburelis.
H3DAPI examples repository
and
example scenes
Holger Grahn's VRML Demos
InstantReality examples
and
test-set files (.zip)
IrishSpace
was a volunteer effort to create a VRML Space Exhibit for the Children of Ireland.
The project resulted in a multimedia space adventure in which a group of future emigrants
set out from Earth aboard the Jeanie Johnston to settle the Solar System.
This content was designed and built by Paul S. Hoffman, Len Bullard, and many other individuals.
Tenochtitlan
is a large VRML site illustrating the 1519 history of
Cortes and Moctezuma on the island city of Tenochtitlan, center of the Aztec Empire.
This content was designed by Delle Maxwell as a companion piece to the
VRML 2.0 Handbook.
3D CAD Browser .com
has both commercial and kind-of free (tradable) models available.
Output formats include .x3d and .wrl formats.
The following applications are known to have X3D or VRML output capabilities.
Additional entries are welcome.
Also see
Conversions and Translation Tools on this page.
Autodesk
3DS Max
exports
VRML.
Chemistry Markup Language (CML) examples
in the public
X3D Basic Examples Archive
show how to covert
CML models
into X3D
using a simple
stylesheet.
Chimera by UCSF
is a highly extensible program for interactive visualization and analysis of molecular structures and related data.
Chimera exports
X3D
and
VRML97.
ESRI ArcScene with 3D Analyst extension
can export an assembled GIS scene to VRML and optionally GeoVRML.
Jmol
is an open-source Java viewer for three-dimensional chemical
structures, with features for chemicals, crystals, materials and biomolecules.
Jmol can illustrate most molecular-model features via
VRML97
and
X3D (XML)
export.
Maple
provides powerful math-oriented technical computing software for engineers, mathematicians, and scientists.
Maple 13 exports X3D.
Mathematica
is a powerful computational tool for numerics of any precision, symbolics, or visualization.
Mathematica can
export X3D and VRML.
Live Interior 3D Pro
includes
export to VRML and X3D.
Rhino includes VRML export
and apparently
X3D export as well.
SketchUp Pro
by Trimble can
export VRML files
SOLIDWORKS by Dassault Systemes
includes
VRML import and export
VMD
is a molecular visualization program for displaying, animating, and analyzing
large biomolecular systems using 3D graphics and built-in scripting.
VMD is designed for modeling, visualization, and analysis of biological systems
such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipid bilayer assemblies, etc. and
may be used to view more general molecules.
Export features
include support for X3D, VRML97 and VRML 1.0.
VRMLout for AutoCAD and VRML Translator for Inventor
can publish AutoCAD 3D models and Autodesk Inventor assemblies on the Web.
The many Web3D Consortium
working group mailing lists
are used to discuss further details for specification development.
Web3D Standards Comment Form
is used for identifying specification issues, detailed bug reports, suggestions and changes.
Reporting problems and recommending changes are important steps, they prevent grief for future authors and implementers.
Sending in the report gets the issue into the bug-tracking system and also sent to the mailing list for discussion.
If you first login as a Web3D Consortium member, a log of your posts is maintained for your convenience.
All opinions are valued. Dialog, lessons learned, success stories and alternatives are always considered helpful as part of our technology explorations and mailing-list discussions.
Our overarching goal is to compatibly improve X3D examples, tools, and specification prose for the X3D and H-Anim International Standards.
Dedicated diligence supports long-term usage, interoperability, and archival stability of interactive 3D graphics models for the Web.
Since 1994, all VRML and X3D progress has occurred through cooperative community efforts by
industry, academia, agencies and interested professionals.
Web3D Consortium members
actively support X3D specification development.
We follow an open and proven process, described in our
Standards Submission Policy.
Mantis issue tracking by working-group members
keeps track of details, alternatives and resolution for each specification issue.
(Secondary login required for Web3D members.)
Administration details are available on the
Mantis documentation.
Web3D Consortium github
(member-only access) is used to maintain editors-draft Web3D specifications in version control.
All draft X3D specifications are first developed by X3D Working Group participants.
All draft X3D specifications are discussed by the open community on the x3d-public mailing list.
Following certification by Web3D Consortium members, member-country delegations in the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
ratify and approve final status as an International Standard (IS).
Further motivation:
interactive 3D graphics continues to steadily advance, and the Web is the next major frontier.
We are working to make 3D a first-class media type on the Web
that has broad usability similar to images, vector graphics, audio and video.
Experienced 3D authors know that making a great 3D model takes a lot of work.
(Painful) humor: we have found a task that is just as hard:
rebuilding that same 3D model three years later, because the previous proprietary software is no longer usable.
Ouch.
X3D is a good fit for the
Open Web Platform (OWP)
for publishing
rich interactive experiences, powered by vast data stores, that are available on any device.
Combined technology standards include
HTML5, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Javascript, Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) and MathML.
Get involved! You too can be part of this great progress.
Join the ongoing mailing list discussions to learn more and contribute your ideas about 3D on the Web.
The
Projects Wish List
lists many interesting developer opportunities with potentially broad impact.
Among other things,
Web3D Consortium membership
provides a safe haven for companies to carefully look at possible contribution of proprietary technology,
ultimately becoming royalty-free capabilities for unrestricted use on the Web.
Anyone can help build the Web. Thanks for considering these important possibilities.
Need something else?
You can
contact Web3D Consortium
or else
contact X3D Working Group cochairs
for any direct or private inquiries.
Questions, suggestions, additions and comments regarding this X3D Resources page are also welcome.
Please see the
Contact
section below.
X3D authors can place a meta tags in a scene to document what license being applied.
For example, one of the following is typically included in the X3D scenes found in the Web3D Consortium and NPS open-source example archives:
This default
open-source license
is available for X3D models and source code produced by NPS (and others)
for the various Web3D and Savage model archives.
The license is available as
license.html
and also available in plain-text form as
license.txt
for embedding in source-code files.
The terms of this non-viral
BSD open-source license
permit both commercial & non-commercial uses. The contributing authors retain original copyright as appropriate.
This license can be adapted for use by other open-source contributors, as desired.
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) lists alternate
open-source licenses
that are also acceptable for other public contributions to the Web3D Consortium's archives and resources.
Book:
Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing
by
Andrew M. St. Laurent,
O'Reilly Media,
Sebastopol California, 2004.
Also
available online.
Creative Commons is another important resource for crafting appropriate licenses.
The
Savage Developers Guide
includes further references of value regarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues:
Free as in Freedom
and
Licensing.
The
X3DOM dual license
is open source and includes both the
MIT License
and
GNU General Public License (GPL) v3 or later.
The
X3D Standards
are royalty free and published openly online by the Web3D Consortium
under a cooperative agreement with the
International Standards Organization (ISO).
It was among the first International Standards to be published online and without charge.
Please
contact Web3D
to request permission to use that work.
There is a mobile subset of the X3D vocabulary called the
X3D Interactive Profile.
Conversion tools are likely to emerge that can down-convert scenes using the
X3D Immersive Profile
or
VRML97
for lightweight mobile and embedded applications.
BitManagement's BS Contact Mobile X3D/VRML97 plugin for handheld devices running the Windows Mobile operating system.
RayGun
by
Planet9 Studios
is a GPS tracking, navigation and social networking application that works on PCs, cell phones, PNDs and embedded systems.
X3DOM runs on all devices.
There has been a lot of dialog about X3D Mixed and Augmented Reality (MAR)
and whether a new X3D Mobile Profile is possible that harmonizes capabilities
for lightweight scenes running with HTML5 on mobile devices, possibly including
essential AR and GPS capabilities. How can such X3D capabilities best be aligned with HTML?
Join the
X3D Graphics public mailing list
to join the discussion, learn more and contribute!
X3D Quality Assurance (QA) identifies errors and warnings in order to make X3D scene content more portable and reliable.
New.
X3D JSON Schema
(documentation)
detects type and syntax errors in the experimental X3D JSON Encoding.
Currently authored manually by Roy Walmsley. Eventually this tool will be autogenerated for all X3D versions.
X3D Tidy
helps authors automatically correct fixable errors in X3D scenes.
Improved Quality Assurance (QA) helps achieve intended results in X3D scenes and metadata.
X3D Validator
provides a server-based suite of tests to help ensure the quality of X3D scenes and metadata.
Validation tests include:
XML header and DOCTYPE
checking for correct document headers
Well-formed XML
checking for syntactic correctness
X3D Specifications: DOCTYPE and Schema Validation
checking for valid X3D nodes, fields and values
X3D Schematron
rule checking verifies semantic correctness and completeness, detecting internal-consistency problems
to help assure the quality and correctness of X3D scenes
X3D to ClassicVRML conversion
checks a variety of legal X3D constructs
Regular expression checking
for malformed floating-point numbers and excess leading zeros
X3D to XHTML conversion
pretty-print listing to check online URL links, document ROUTE connections, and provide node tooltips
X3D Validator is written in Java using
publicly available source code.
X3D-Edit
authoring tool also provides further tools and tests (individually or in combination) for checking X3D scenes.
X3D Canonicalizer (C14N button) applies
X3D Canonicalization (C14N) .xml
to reformat scenes into X3D Canonical Form.
Additional test:
ExternProtoDeclare field verification
checks that field signatures match the original ProtoDeclare definitions, providing author with the option to apply updates.
Additional test:
url list editor
checks for resource availability (green=found, black=retrieving, red=unavailable, orange=filename case mismatch).
Running individual
X3D players and applications
often can reveal errors in the browser console.
For example,
Xj3D
is very strict about playing content with perceived errors.
All of the several thousand scenes that are checked into the
X3D Example Archives
undergo the full set of validation checks each night as part of
continuous-integration Jenkins builds.
Example
diff image
reveals subtle changes following an Xj3D renderer update.
Established capability:
offscreen rendering of X3D example scene viewpoints unlock 10,000+ helpful unit tests.
Work in progress:
X3D Regular Expressions (regexes)
are used to validate the correctness of string and numeric array values in an X3D scene.
The
X3D Scene Authoring Hints: Validation
describes DOCTYPE (DTD) and XML Schema validation of X3D scenes in detail.
The
X3D Specifications
are the authoritative reference for determining correctness of X3D scenes.
Extensible 3D (X3D) Specifications
and
feedback form
X3D: Extensible 3D Graphics Standard
by Leonard Daly and Don Brutzman, 6 pages.
X3D MIME Media Types
are approved two-part identifiers for X3D file formats on the Internet:
x3d+xml, x3d-vrml and x3d+fastinfoset
(approval,
announcement).
This page also describes proper configuration of http servers and media-type filters for X3D.
Open security by design, as specified by W3C's
XML Security Recommendations,
provides the strongest approach for secure Web documents used internationally on the Web.
The .x3d encoding is XML based, which means that the full power of Web Security can be applied to X3D Graphics models.
X3D Security Examples
provides various encrypted/signed scenes that
demonstrate conversions for
XML Encryption
and
XML Signature (digital authentication)
X3D Security Examples README
describes technical detail about how all this works together.
X3D model security supports multiple existing and emerging capabilities:
Multiple forms of validation and
Quality Assurance (QA)
are available to prevent unwanted insertions of malicious content in X3D models.
Strongly typed
Metadata nodes
can be inserted in any X3D model. Interchange conventions are expected to emerge with growing usage.
Security mechanisms such as encryption and authentication can be applied to high levels of detail
(LOD),
allowing authors to protect intellectual property at high resolution for
authorized users while still rendering simple unrestricted models for other users.
XML Security compatibility provides two crucial technologies: the W3C
XML Encryption
and
XML Signature (digital authentication) Recommendations.
XML Security mechanisms can be applied to entire scenes in .x3d files (XML documents) or scene subgraphs within an .x3d file (XML fragments).
XML Encryption Requirements
include super-encryption, multiple signatures, and also optional declaration of alternative encryption algorithms in the unencrypted envelope header.
XML Security software libraries are broadly available and usable by international partners in any context, including Web commerce.
Data-centric security is independent of network-transport security.
W3C
Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Working Group
efforts for best practices are ensuring that EXI-based data compression of XML documents can be used compatibly with XML Security.
Example prerequisite: EXI compression must precede encryption or else pseudo-randomization of bits precludes compression benefits.
W3C Security Interest Group
serves as a forum for discussion about improving standards and implementations to advance the security of the Web.
Web3D Consortium members expect that required support for secure url addresses using
https
and
ssl/tls
protocols is likely to be included in
X3D version 4.0.
Full compatibility with XML Security capabilities is required for the next-generation
X3D Efficient Binary Encoding
under development.
W3C Recommendation for
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)
(also
Wikipedia summary)
precautions gain increasing importance as X3D pages are embedded in HTML5 pages.
Most of these capabilities are demonstrated and formalized already. Several are already working-group efforts in progress.
Therefore, this emerging combination of capabilities can be considered low risk, with high probability of full convergence eventually occurring.
Vulnerabilities.
X3D security vulnerabilities are relatively few but deserve attention.
XML/HTML security resources follow.
Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
resources include a list of common
Vulnerabilities
and the
Top Ten Project.
10 Most Common Web Security Vulnerabilities
by Gergely Kalman.
DOCTYPE (DTD) extension mechanisms are a rarely used but available capability in X3D.
Care must be taken to ensure that extension DTDs (if used) are correct and secure.
DTD extensions can also be inserted directly as part of an X3D scene.
The rapid expansion of DTD constructs can quickly consume memory, so it is
considered a denial-of-service (DoS) attack aimed at parsers of XML documents.
Variations (sometimes referred to as an XML bomb) are described in the following references.
Billion laughs
Exponential entity expansion
attack.
XML External Entity (XXE) Processing
attack.
Related overview:
XML Schema, DTD, and Entity Attacks: A Compendium of Known Techniques
by Timothy D. Morgan and Omar Al Ibrahim, VSR, 19 May 2014.
NIST
National Vulnerabilities Database (NVD)
is the U.S. government repository of standards based vulnerability management data.
NVD includes databases of security checklists, security related software flaws, misconfigurations, product names, and impact metrics.
X3D player and tool support for security:
X3D-Edit authoring tool
provides
XML encryption and digital signature support.
Advanced content developers can use native XML tools, such as
Altova XML Spy.
Apache web server documentation includes
http security tips.
Apache Santuario
provides open-source software libraries in C++ and Java
that are suitable for use within other applications.
These are also used in the
Eclipse XML Security Tools
set of plugins.
Proprietary encryption tools are occasionally available.
User beware:
security through obscurity
is not strong security.
TODO: better built-in support is needed by X3D players and tools.
The Web3D Consortium X3D Working Group participates in the
W3C Security Activity
and
EXI Working Group
to continue aligning X3D with ongoing developments.
The annual
Web3D Conference
includes several excellent new tutorials each year.
Now in it's 19th year, the conference is
sponsored by
ACM SIGGRAPH,
Eurographics,
and the
Web3D Consortium.
The
X3D for Web Authors
textbook includes a comprehensive set of online examples, slidesets and videos.
Coverage includes all of VRML and the X3D Immersive Profile.
Additional training and tutorial resources include:
The
X3D for Web Authors Course Adoption
page lists an introductory tutorial and chapter classes as X3D instruction.
Instant Reality
tutorials
Edutech Wiki
X3D tutorials
by DKS
VRML Primer and Tutorial
and
examples archive
by Daniel K. Schneider and Sylvere Martin-Michiellot
Understanding Scene Graphs
by Aaron E. Walsh, Dr. Dobb's Journal, 1 July 2002 (covers VRML, X3D, MPEG-4, and Java3D).
Numerous demonstration videos can be found online that show X3D models and applications in action.
Web3D Consortium Videos
showcases many member interesting examples using X3D, VRML and H-Anim.
Web3D Consortium YouTube Videos
includes multiple
playlists
organized by topic area
Web3D Conference YouTube Videos
collects and archives videos from the annual
Web3D Conference, now in its 21st year.
X3D for Web Authors online course videos
(both on
YouTube
and at
NPS)
Bit Management showcase
and additional
vimeo demo videos
Fraunhofer IGD YouTube videos
Damon Hernandez Metaverse One YouTube videos
Michalis Kamburelis Castle Game Engine YouTube videos
Sebastian Ullrich - Heart Surgery Simulation with Blender and H3D YouTube video
Virginia Tech VTVisionarium YouTube videos
VRML X3D and Realtime Web3D YouTube videos by
m17design
Archival and Web-based Visualization of Volumetric Scans and Clinical Data for TBI using the X3D International Standard
by Nicholas Polys and Andrew Wood, with proposal coauthored by Don Brutzman
Mathworks Matlab Simulink 3D Animation videos
The
X3D for Web Authors book
includes a full set of
course video lessons for learning X3D.
VRML design began in 1994 and the language became a stable International Standard in 1997.
VRML97 is fully compatible with X3D and is the basis of the ClassicVRML .x3d encoding.
Open Inventor is an object-oriented 3D toolkit offering a comprehensive solution to interactive graphics programming problems.
Of interest:
the original VRML design was directly based on a competitive community selection of the
Open Inventor .iv format
as being the current "best of breed" for Web markup of scene graphs.
This architectural design similarity provides fundamental common ground between Open Inventor, VRML97 and X3D.
Questions, suggestions, additions and comments about this X3D Resources page are welcome.
Please send them to
Don Brutzman
(brutzman at nps.edu).
Master version of the X3D Resources page is available online at
http://www.web3d.org/x3d/content/examples/X3dResources.html
and available in
Sourceforge version control.
Updated: 27 November 2016.
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